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SwOS/CSS326

Contents

Summary

SwOS is an operating system designed specifically for administration of MikroTik switch products.

SwOS is configurable from your web browser. It gives you all the basic functionality for a managed switch, plus more: allows to manage port-to-port forwarding, broadcast storm control, apply MAC filter, configure VLANs, mirror traffic, apply bandwidth limitation and even adjust some MAC and IP header fields.

Warning: Each RouterBOARD switch series device has its own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models! CSS326-24G-2S+ supports SwOS v2.0 and newer.

CSS326 features

Connecting to the Switch

Open your web browser and enter IP address of your Switch (192.168.88.1 by default) and login screen will appear.

SwOS default IP address: 192.168.88.1, user name: admin and there is no password.

Note: MikroTik Neighbor Discovery protocol tools can be used to discover IP address of Mikrotik switch. Manual:IP/Neighbor_discovery. Currently LLDP is not supported.

Interface Overview

CSS326-24G-2S+ SwOS interface menu consists of multiple tabs: Link, SFP, SFP Status, Port Isolation, LAG, Forwarding, Stats, Errors, Histogram, VLAN, VLANs, Static Hosts, Hosts, SNMP, ACL, System and Upgrade.

Description of buttons in SwOS configuration tool:

System

System Tab performs the following functions:

DHCP & PPPoE Snooping

Health

Password and Backup

Link Tab allows you to:

SFP tab allows you to monitor status of SFP modules.

Port Isolation

Port Isolation table allows or restricts traffic forwarding between specific ports. By default, all available switch chip ports can communicate with any other port, there is no isolation used. When the checkbox is enabled/ticked you allow to forward traffic from this port towards the ticked port. Below are some port isolation examples.

Note: It is possible to check/uncheck multiple checkboxes by checking one of them and then dragging horizontally (Click & Drag).

Note: (R)STP will only work properly in Private VLAN setups. In setups with multiple isolated switch groups (R)STP might not properly receive BPDUs and therefore fail to detect network loops.

CSS326-24G-2S+ supports 802.3ad (LACP) compatible link aggregation as well as static link aggregation to ensure failover and load balancing based on Layer2, Layer3 and Layer4 hashing.

Up to 16 link aggregation groups with up to 8 ports per a group are supported.

Each individual port can be configured as Passive LACP, Active LACP or a Static LAG port.

Forwarding

Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port locking, port mirroring, bandwidth limit and broadcast storm control features.

Note: It is possible to limit ingress traffic per port basis with traffic policer. The ingress policer controls the received traffic with packet drops. Everything that exceeds the defined limit will get dropped. This can affect the TCP congestion control mechanism on end hosts and achieved bandwidth can be actually less than defined.

Per port and global RSTP configuration and monitoring is available in the RSTP menu.

Stats, Errors and Histogram

These menus provide detailed information about received and transmitted packets.

Note: Statistics for SFP+ interface are cleared whenever an active SFP+ link is established.

Note: Button «Reset Counters» will clear stats for all menus.

VLAN and VLANs

VLAN configuration for switch ports.

VLAN membership configuration for switch ports.

VLAN Configuration Examples

Hosts

This table represents dynamically learnt MAC address to port mapping entries. It can contain two kinds of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic entries get added automatically, this is also called a learning process: when switch receives a packet from certain port, it adds the packet’s source MAC address and port it received the packet from to host table, so when a packet comes in with certain destination MAC address it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out. CSS326-24G-2S+ supports 16383 host table entries.

Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to some more functionality.

IGMP Snooping

IGMP Snooping which controls multicast streams and prevents multicast flooding is implemented in SwOS starting from version 2.5. The feature allows a switch to listen in the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.

Enable option under System tab.

Available IGMP snooping data can be found under IGMP tab:

Possibility to enable IGMP Snooping for specific VLAN ID.

Note: IGMP Snooping for VLANs requires enabled «Independent VLAN Lookup» in the System menu.

SNMP Tab

SwOS supports SNMP v1 and uses IF-MIB, SNMPv2-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB and MIKROTIK-MIB (only for health and SFP diagnostics) for SNMP reporting.

Available SNMP data:

ACL Tab

An access control list (ACL) rule table is very powerful tool allowing wire speed packet filtering, forwarding and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3 protocol header field conditions. Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.

Conditions part parameters

VLAN header presence:

Action part parameters

Reset and Reinstall

CSS326-24G-2S+RM has built-in backup SwOS firmware which can be loaded in case standard firmware breaks or upgrade fails:

Источник

CRS3xx and CSS326-24G-2S+ series Manual

This table clarifies the main differences between switch models.

Connecting to the Switch

Open your web browser and enter the IP address of your switch (192.168.88.1 by default) and a login screen will appear. The switch can also run a DHCP client, see if a different IP address has been assigned by the DHCP server.

SwOS default IP address: 192.168.88.1, user name: admin and there is no password.

MikroTik Neighbor Discovery can be used to discover the IP address of the Mikrotik switch. LLDP is not supported.

Interface Overview

SwOS interface menu consists of multiple tabs depending on the device model. These are all possible SwOS menus: Link, PoE, SFP, Port Isolation, LAG, Forwarding, RSTP, Stats, Errors, Hist, VLAN, VLANs, Hosts, IGMP, SNMP, ACL, System, Health and Upgrade.

Description of buttons in SwOS configuration tool:

Each RouterBoard switch series device has its own firmware which cannot be installed on other series models!

System

System Tab performs the following functions:

DHCP & PPPoE Snooping

Enables or disables DHCP Option-82 information. When enabled, the Option-82 information (Agent Remote ID and Circuit ID) is added for DHCP packets received from untrusted ports. Can be used together with Option-82 capable DHCP server to assign IP addresses and implement policies.

For Agent Remote ID, SwOS uses interface name where DHCP client resides. For Agent Circuit ID, SwOS uses identity of the SwOS device, internally used port ID and VLAN ID. For example:

Password and Backup

Link Tab allows you to configure each interface settings and monitor the link status.

Devices with PoE-out support have some configuration options and certain monitoring features, like PoE-out current, voltage, etc. For a more detailed description, see PoE-Out manual.

SFP tab allows you to monitor the status of SFP/SFP+ modules.

Port Isolation

The Port Isolation table allows or restricts traffic forwarding between specific ports. By default, all available switch chip ports can communicate with any other port, there is no isolation used. When the checkbox is enabled/ticked you allow to forward traffic from this port towards the ticked port. Below are some port isolation examples.

In some scenarios, you might need to isolate a group of devices from other groups. In this example devices on Port1-Port5 are not able to communicate with Port6-Port10 devices, and vice versa.

In some scenarios, you might need to forward all traffic to an uplink port while all other ports are isolated from each other. This kind of setup is called a Private VLAN configuration. The switch will forward all Ethernet frames only to the uplink Port1, while uplink can reach all other ports

Individual isolated Port1 (e.g. for management purpose), it cannot send or receive traffic from any other port

It is possible to check/uncheck multiple checkboxes by checking one of them and then dragging horizontally (Click & Drag).

(R)STP will only work properly in Private VLAN setups. In setups with multiple isolated switch groups (R)STP might not properly receive BPDUs and therefore fail to detect network loops.

IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) compatible link aggregation is supported, as well as static link aggregation to ensure failover and load balancing based on Layer2, Layer3 and Layer4 hashing. Up to 16 link aggregation groups with up to 8 ports per group are supported. Each individual port can be configured as Passive LACP, Active LACP, or a Static LAG port.

Forwarding

Forwarding Tab provides advanced forwarding options among switch ports, port locking, port mirroring, bandwidth limit, and broadcast storm control features.

It is possible to limit ingress traffic per-port basis with traffic policer. The ingress policer controls the received traffic with packet drops. Everything that exceeds the defined limit will get dropped. This can affect the TCP congestion control mechanism on end hosts and achieved bandwidth can be actually less than defined.

Per-port and global RSTP configuration and monitoring are available in the RSTP menu.

Stats, Errors and Histogram

These menus provide detailed information about received and transmitted packets.

Statistics for SFP+ interface are cleared whenever an active SFP+ link is established.

VLAN and VLANs

VLAN configuration for switch ports.

VLAN membership configuration for switch ports.

VLAN Configuration Example

Trunk and Access Ports

1. In the System menu enable independent VLAN learning (IVL).

2. In the VLANs menu add VLAN entries and specify port membership.

3. In the VLAN menu configure Default VLAN ID on planned access ports (untagged), select the correct VLAN Receive setting (Port2 only tagged, Port6-8 only untagged) and enable strict VLAN filtering to ensure only allowed VLANs can pass through the ports.

Trunk and Hybrid Ports

1. In the System menu enable independent VLAN learning (IVL).

2. In the VLANs menu add VLAN entries and specify port membership.

3. In the VLAN menu configure Default VLAN ID on planned hybrid ports (for untagged VLAN), select the correct VLAN Receive setting (Port2 only tagged, Port6-8 any) and enable strict VLAN filtering to ensure only allowed VLANs can pass through the ports.

Management access

In this example, switch management access on VLAN 200 will be created. The configuration scheme is the same as «Trunk and Access Ports» and 1., 2., 3. configuration steps are identical. The additional 4th step requires to specify the management VLAN ID in the System menu. After applying the configuration, switch will only respond to tagged VLAN 200 packets on Port2 and untagged packets on Port6. The DHCP client will also work in the specified VLAN ID.

Changing management VLAN can completely disable access to the switch management if VLAN settings are not correctly configured. Save a configuration backup before changing this setting and use Reset in case management access is lost.

Hosts

This table represents dynamically learned MAC address to port mapping entries. It can contain two kinds of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic entries get added automatically, this is also called a learning process: when a switch receives a packet from a certain port, it adds the packet’s source MAC address and port it received the packet from to the host table, so when a packet comes in with a certain destination MAC address it knows to which port it should forward the packet. If the destination MAC address is not present in the host table then it forwards the packet to all ports in the group. Dynamic entries take about 5 minutes to time out.

Static entries will take over dynamic if dynamic entry with same mac-address already exists. Also by adding a static entry you get access to more functionality.

IGMP Snooping

IGMP Snooping which controls multicast streams and prevents multicast flooding is implemented in SwOS starting from version 2.5. The feature allows a switch to listen in the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.

Enable this option under the System tab. Since SwOS 2.13 version, IGMP Fast Leave option can also be configured.

Available IGMP snooping data can be found under the IGMP tab.

It is possible to enable IGMP Snooping for a specific VLAN ID under the VLANs menu.

IGMP Snooping for VLANs requires enabled «Independent VLAN Lookup» in the System menu.

SwOS supports SNMP v1 and uses IF-MIB, SNMPv2-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB and MIKROTIK-MIB (only for health, PoE-out and SFP diagnostics).

Available SNMP data:

ACL Tab

An access control list (ACL) rule table is a very powerful tool allowing wire-speed packet filtering, forwarding, and VLAN tagging based on L2,L3, and L4 protocol header field conditions. Each rule contains a conditions part and an action part.

Conditions part parameters

VLAN header presence:

Action part parameters

Health

This menu provides different health-related properties.

For devices with only a CPU temperature sensor (CRS326-24G-2S+, CRS305-1G-4S+, CRS309-1G-8S+, CRS318-1Fi-15Fr-2S) health information is available under System menu.

Configuring SwOS using RouterOS

This option is not available for the CSS326-24G-2S+ device.

Dual Boot

The “Dual Boot” feature allows you to choose which operating system you prefer to use, RouterOS or SwOS. You can boot RouterOS under the System menu with the «Boot RouterOS» button.

Different options are available to change the operating system to SwOS:

Источник